Design and Investigation of Penetrating Mechanism of Octaarginine-Modified Alginate Nanoparticles for Improving Intestinal Insulin Delivery

The aim of the study is to design octaarginine (R8)-modified insulin-alginate nanoparticles (INS-SA/R8 NPs) as oral insulin delivery system, and further investigate its penetrating mechanism. characterization results indicated that surface INS-SA/R8 NPs was smooth average diameter about 300 nm. exhibited a stronger stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids had better controlled release than unmodified alginate (INS-SA NPs). Moreover, group strongest transport capacity largest amount uptake all experimental groups. Most importantly, improvement intestinal confirmed rat intestine vivo, mechanism might be involved production endogenous nitric oxide (NO) signal molecule. In addition, vivo hypoglycemic studies showed orally administrated produced effect compared with INS-SA diabetic rats. Meanwhile, from cytotoxicity analysis, were safe for administration. Taken together, good which also suitable other protein drugs.